(1) Mwachidule ndi Zochitika Zachitukuko za Global Rail Transit Equipment Industry
①Ndi luso laukadaulo pamakampani opanga njanji padziko lonse lapansi, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa zida zoyendera njanji wawonetsa kukula kwakukulu.
M'dera lamasiku ano, ndi chitukuko chofulumira chachuma cha anthu, mavuto monga kusowa kwa zinthu ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asakwanitse kuyenda ndi katundu, kuchulukana kwa magalimoto mumsewu, kutulutsa mpweya ndi phokoso, komanso kumasuka ndi chitetezo cha mayendedwe a anthu. , zomwe zikutsatiridwa kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, maiko padziko lonse lapansi apanga njira zatsopano zoyendera njanji zotetezeka, zowoneka bwino, zobiriwira, komanso zanzeru monga njira yotsogola ya chitukuko cha mayendedwe apagulu, ndipo njira yachitukuko yasinthanso kuchoka pachikhalidwe kupita kumayendedwe olumikizana, okhazikika, ndi chitukuko cha multimodal transportation.Zatsopano zatsopano zaukadaulo, zoimiridwa ndi maukonde azidziwitso, kupanga mwanzeru, mphamvu zatsopano, ndi zida zatsopano, zikukula padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo gawo la zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zapamtunda wapadziko lonse lapansi likubweretsa kusintha kwatsopano kozungulira.M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi luso laukadaulo pamakampani opanga njanji padziko lonse lapansi, msika wapadziko lonse wa zida zoyendera njanji wawonetsa kukula kwakukulu.Padziko lonse msika mphamvu mu 2010 anali 131 biliyoni mayuro, kufika 162 biliyoni mayuro mu 2014. Akuyembekezeka kuti msika mphamvu upambana mayuro biliyoni 190 ndi 2018, ndi pawiri pachaka kukula mlingo wa 3.4%.
Global Rail Transit Equipment Market Kukula kwa msika kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2018 (100 miliyoni mayuro)
②Oligopolies apanga msika wapadziko lonse wa zida zoyendera njanji, pomwe malo oimika magalimoto aku China amakhala oyamba.
Pachiwonetsero chodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi cha Berlin Rail Transit Exhibition (Innotrans2016), kusanja kwa 2015 kwamakampani opanga zida zapa njanji padziko lonse lapansi kudatengera ndalama zogulira ma locomotives ndi magalimoto omwe angopangidwa kumene ndi makampani opanga zida zoyendera njanji.CRRC idakhala pamalo oyamba ndi ndalama zogulitsa zopitilira ma euro 22 biliyoni, mosakayikira kukhala woyamba pamakampani opanga zida zapa njanji padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndalama zake zogulitsa mu 2015 zinali zazikulu kuposa za Bombardier yaku Canada Zogulitsa zophatikiza za Alstom zochokera ku France, zomwe zili pachitatu, ndi Nokia kuchokera. Germany, yomwe ili pachinayi, ndi 14. Oligopoly yotsogoleredwa ndi CRRC pa msika wapadziko lonse wa zida za sitima zapamtunda wapanga.Malinga ndi lipoti la pachaka la CRRC la 2016, CRRC idapeza ndalama zokwana pafupifupi 229.7 biliyoni mu 2016, pomwe zida za njanji, njanji zam'tawuni, ndi zomangamanga zakumizinda zomwe zidakwana pafupifupi yuan 134 biliyoni, zomwe zidakwana 58.35%;Mu 2016, panali 262.6 yuan biliyoni ya malamulo atsopano (kuphatikiza pafupifupi 8.1 biliyoni US madola m'makontrakitala malonda mayiko, chaka ndi chaka chiwonjezeko 40%), ndi 188.1 biliyoni ya malamulo m'manja kumapeto kwa nthawi.CRRC ikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kulimbitsa udindo wake ngati nambala wani padziko lonse lapansi pantchito zapadziko lonse lapansi za zida zapa njanji.
(2) Mwachidule ndi Mayendedwe a Chitukuko chamakampani aku China Rail Transit Equipment
①Makampani opanga zida zoyendera njanji yakhala imodzi mwamaubwino opikisana nawo m'munda waku China wopanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakukula mwachangu kwamakampani aku China.
Pambuyo zaka 60 chitukuko, China njanji zoyendera zida zopangira makampani wapanga kafukufuku palokha ndi chitukuko, wathunthu zothandizira, zida zapamwamba, ndi ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo njanji zodutsa zida kupanga kuti integrates kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kamangidwe, kupanga. , kuyesa, ndi utumiki.Zimaphatikizapo ma locomotives amagetsi, ma locomotives a dizilo, mayunitsi angapo, magalimoto onyamula njanji, magalimoto onyamula njanji, magalimoto apamtunda wamtunda, zida zazikulu zamagalimoto ndi magalimoto, zida zama siginecha, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi mzaka khumi zapitazi, ndikupita patsogolo kwa liwiro lalikulu, mayendedwe olemetsa, osavuta, komanso okonda zachilengedwe, mayunitsi othamanga kwambiri komanso ma locomotives amphamvu kwambiri apindula modabwitsa m'makina 10 opanga akatswiri monga makina aumisiri wama track ndi zida.Kampani yaku China yopangira zida zoyendera njanji imayimiranso luso lotsogola, kusintha kwanzeru, kulimbitsa maziko, ndi chitukuko chobiriwira.Ndi imodzi mwamafakitale omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri lodziyimira pawokha, kupikisana kwamphamvu kwapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso mphamvu zodziwikiratu zoyendetsera mafakitale pamakampani opanga zida zapamwamba ku China.Yakhala mwayi wopikisana nawo pamsika waku China wopanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa zida zoyendera njanji, Ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mafakitale omwe akubwera ku China.
②Zotsatira ziwiri za chithandizo cha mfundo ndi kufunikira kwa msika zimalimbikitsa kukula kwachangu kwa makampani opanga zida zoyendera njanji ku China, ndi msika waukulu kwambiri.
Zida zoyendera njanji ndi nthumwi yofunikira ya zida zapamwamba zaku China zomwe zikuyenda padziko lonse lapansi.The "Made in China 2025" yomwe inatulutsidwa ndi State Council mu 2015 ikufuna kuti ikwaniritse ntchito zazikulu zisanu, kuphatikizapo kumanga malo opangira zinthu zatsopano, kupanga mwanzeru, kulimbikitsa maziko a mafakitale, kupanga zobiriwira, ndi luso lapamwamba la zipangizo zamakono. chitsogozo chaboma ndi kuphatikiza kwazinthu, kuti tikwaniritse zopambana zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo zomwe zimalepheretsa chitukuko chamakampani opanga zinthu ndikupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamakampani aku China.“Made in China 2025 Key Fields Technology Roadmap” (yotchedwa “Technology Roadmap”) imalongosola zofunikira pazida zoyendera njanji.Pofika chaka cha 2020, luso la kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi zida zotsogola za zida zoyendera njanji zidzafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndikugulitsa kwamakampani kupitilira 650 biliyoni, mabizinesi akumayiko akunja adzapitilira 30%, ndipo ntchito zamakampani zimapitilira 15%.Zogulitsa zazikulu zidzalowa m'misika yamayiko otukuka ku Europe ndi America;Pofika chaka cha 2025, makampani opanga zida zoyendera njanji ku China adzakhala atapanga njira yowonjezera komanso yokhazikika, ndikukhazikitsa njira zopangira mwanzeru m'magawo akulu.Zogulitsa zake zazikulu zifika pamiyezo yotsogola yapadziko lonse lapansi, mabizinesi akumayiko akunja amawerengera 40% ndimakampani azantchito omwe amapitilira 20%.Idzatsogolera kukonzanso miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, kukhazikitsa njira yamakono yoyendetsera zida za njanji padziko lonse lapansi, ndikukhala pachimake chamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi.Motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zabwino zadziko komanso motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika, makampani opanga zida zoyendera njanji ku China akulowa m'nthawi yakukula mwachangu.Pofika m'chaka cha 2020, kufunikira kwa msika wamtengo wapatali wogulitsira zida za njanji zopitilira 650 biliyoni kumapereka chiyembekezo chokulirapo cha chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chachangu chamakampani opanga zida zoyendera njanji.Mu 2020, ndalama zogulitsa zamakampani aku China ogubuduza njanji ndi mafakitale opanga mayunitsi angapo zidapitilira 350 biliyoni, ndipo kufunikira kwa msika wamakampani opanga zida zoyendera njanji kukuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi ma thililiyoni yuan.
Kuneneratu za Zogulitsa Zamakampani aku China Railway Rolling Stock and Multiple Unit Manufacturing Industry kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2020 (100 miliyoni yuan)
③Monga mzati wofunikira pantchito ya zida zoyendera njanji ku China, mayunitsi othamanga kwambiri a njanji ndi zida zamagalimoto zamatawuni zidzatsagana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ya Belt and Road, ndikuyendetsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha unyolo wonse wamakampani, ndi kukulitsa chikoka cha dziko lonse lapansi.Monga tonse tikudziwa, njanji yothamanga kwambiri yakhala imodzi mwamakadi akazembe aku China komanso mtsogoleri wofunikira wa zida zoyendera njanji kumakampani opanga zida zapamwamba ku China.Pamene boma la China likulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ya Belt and Road, derali limafalikira kumayiko aku Central ndi South Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, ndi West Asia, ndikufikira ku Eastern Europe ndi North Africa, zofunika zachangu pakumanga zomangamanga ndi kulumikizana.Akuti chiwerengero chonse cha anthu omwe ali m'mphepete mwa Belt ndi Road ndi pafupifupi 4.4 biliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 63% ya anthu onse padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwachuma ndi pafupifupi 21 thililiyoni madola aku US, zomwe zimawerengera 29% yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. .Monga njira ya dziko la China, Belt ndi Road ili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakupititsa patsogolo mphamvu za China, kukweza gawo lazantchito padziko lonse lapansi, ndikukhazikitsa mawu aku China padziko lonse lapansi.Monga mzati wofunikira pantchito ya zida zoyendera njanji ku China, njanji zothamanga kwambiri komanso zida zoyendera njanji zam'tawuni zitha kukhala mpainiya wa Belt and Road Initiative ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera oteteza chilengedwe chobiriwira komanso mayendedwe okwera kwambiri. , kuyendetsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha makina onse azitsulo zam'mwamba, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, zomangamanga za njanji, zomangamanga zothandizira, ndi zina zowonjezera za zipangizo zamagalimoto zapakati ndi zotsika, ntchito zamatawuni, katundu, zonyamula anthu ndi zonyamula katundu, Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi Kampani yaku China yopanga zida zoyendera njanji.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2023